Properties of Titanium Dioxide

 

Introduction

Properties of Titanium Dioxide

Titanium dioxide is a fairly new industrial product that gained importance only after the Second World War. Titanium dioxide has unique properties which make it an irreplaceable white pigment in the world today. It also known as the "king of white pigment". And the unique properties also make it widely used in most industrial production fields and people's daily life. Here, Alfa Chemistry will provide a comprehensive overview of the properties of titanium dioxide.

Physical Properties

Titanium dioxide is a white powder with relatively low density. It is insoluble in water, fat, organic acids and weak inorganic acids, slightly soluble in alkali and hot nitric acid and can dissolve in concentrated sulfuric acid. Among white pigments of the same quality, titanium dioxide has the largest surface area and the highest pigment volume. Titanium dioxide has good thermal stability with the melting point of 1830-1850 ℃ and boiling point of 2500-30006 ℃. At the same time, the dielectric constant of titanium dioxide is high, so it has excellent electrical properties. In addition, titanium dioxide is hydrophilic, but has weak hygroscopicity.

Chemical Properties

Titanium dioxide is a basically chemically inert substance, which barely reacts with any substances at room temperature. However, there are some lattice defects in titanium dioxide itself, and thus many photoactivation sites exist on its surface. Under the action of light, titanium dioxide has photochemical activity that can occur continuous REDOX reaction.

Optical Properties and Pigment Properties

Titanium dioxide can be widely used in all walks of life by virtue of its excellent optical properties and pigment properties. These two characteristics complement each other and are closely related. The excellent optical properties of titanium dioxide make it with unique pigment properties. In other words, pigment properties are the specific form of optical properties.

Optical properties: Titanium dioxide can scatter light, because it absorbs almost no incident light in the visible region of the spectrum. Titanium dioxide scatters light by three mechanisms: reflection from the surface of a crystal, refraction within a crystal, and diffraction [1]. In addition, it has a very high refractive index with the value of 2.70 in comparison with values of only 2.02 and 1.57 for zinc oxide and China clay respectively (as shown in Table 1). Its refractive index is even higher than diamond. This means that relatively low levels of the titanium dioxide are required to achieve a white opaque coating, and thus titanium dioxide is a much better pigment than the other chemicals.

Pigment properties: The pigment properties mainly include hiding power, lightening power, weatherability and so on.

  • Hiding power: The hiding power of a paint is a measure of its ability to obscure a background of contrasting color, and results from interactions between incident light and the pigments present in the paint film. Because the refractive index of rutile titanium dioxide is the highest in all white pigments, it has the highest hiding powder.
  • Tinting strength: Tinting strength is the ability of a pigment to change the hue of another pigment. The tinting strength of titanium dioxide mainly depends on its light-scattering efficiency, and the higher light-scattering efficiency, the higher tinting strength. As mentioned above, titanium dioxide can effectively scatter light, so it has strong tinting strength. For examples, the average tinting strength of titanium dioxide used in paints is about 93%. The highest value is as high as 98%.
  • Weatherability: Weatherability refers to the ability of titanium dioxide coating to resist the action of sunlight and atmosphere to avoid discoloration, chalking and loss of light when exposed to the outdoor climate environment. Titanium dioxide can effectively absorb ultraviolet light which gives titanium dioxide coating an excellent weatherability.

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